Upanishad उपनिषद्

Upanishads

c. 800–200 BCE · Sanskrit

Philosophical texts appended to the Vedas exploring Brahman (ultimate reality), Atman (self), and moksha (liberation). Over 200 exist; 13 are principal.

Themes

non-duality meditation liberation cosmic self

Notable versions & commentaries

Brihadaranyaka
Chandogya
Katha
Mandukya
Isha